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1.
Med. clín (Ed. impr.) ; 148(8): 339-344, abr. 2017. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-161617

RESUMO

Introducción y objetivos: La disfunción del ventrículo derecho (VD) es un parámetro de gravedad en la embolia pulmonar (EP) aguda. La valoración ecocardiográfica no siempre es posible en urgencias, de ahí la necesidad de predecir la presencia de disfunción de VD mediante parámetros de fácil medición. Analizar el valor de NT-proBNP y troponina T como marcadores de disfunción del VD en los pacientes con EP aguda. Como objetivo secundario, valorar la relación entre fallo de VD y diferentes parámetros clínicos relacionados con la EP. Material y método: Estudio analítico, observacional, transversal y retrospectivo que compara los valores de NT-proBNP, troponina T y síntomas de presentación de EP entre pacientes con fallo de VD y sin fallo. Resultados: Se incluyeron 172 pacientes (52 con fallo de VD, 120 sin fallo de VD). Todos los síntomas se presentaron con similar frecuencia entre ambos grupos, salvo la disnea y el síncope (más frecuentes en el grupo con fallo de VD). Tanto el NT-proBNP como la troponina T presentaron valores significativamente mayores en el grupo de pacientes con fallo de VD. Sin embargo, el valor explicativo de fallo de VD fue mayor para el NT-proBNP en al análisis multivariante. Conclusión: El NT-proBNP se muestra como un parámetro diagnóstico de fallo de VD con mayor sensibilidad en el contexto de EP aguda (AU)


Background and objective: Dysfunction of the right ventricle (RV) is a parameter of severity in acute pulmonary embolism (PE). Echocardiographic assessment is not always possible in accident and emergency, hence the need to predict the presence of RV dysfunction using easily measurable parameters. To analyse the value of NT-proBNP and troponin T as markers of RV dysfunction in patients with acute PE. Secondarily, to assess the relationship between RV failure and clinical parameters related to PE. Material and method: Analytical, observational, cross-sectional and retrospective study comparing the values NT-proBNP, troponin T and presenting symptoms of PE among patients with and without RV dysfunction. Results: One hundred seventy-two patients (52 with RV failure,120 without) were included. All symptoms occurred with similar frequency between the 2groups except dyspnea and syncope (more common in the group with RV failure). Both NT-proBNP and troponin T had significantly higher values in the group of patients with RV dysfunction. However, in the multivariate analysis, NT-proBNP had a higher explanatory value for RV failure than troponin T. Conclusion: NT-proBNP is a diagnostic parameter of RV dysfunction with higher sensitivity in the context of acute PE (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Embolia Pulmonar/complicações , Embolia Pulmonar , Troponina T/uso terapêutico , Disfunção Ventricular Direita/complicações , Disfunção Ventricular Direita/tratamento farmacológico , Peptídeo Natriurético Encefálico/análise , Troponina T/metabolismo , Estudos Transversais/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Análise Multivariada , Modelos Logísticos , Dispneia/complicações , Síncope/complicações
2.
Med Clin (Barc) ; 148(8): 339-344, 2017 Apr 21.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28131517

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Dysfunction of the right ventricle (RV) is a parameter of severity in acute pulmonary embolism (PE). Echocardiographic assessment is not always possible in accident and emergency, hence the need to predict the presence of RV dysfunction using easily measurable parameters. To analyse the value of NT-proBNP and troponin T as markers of RV dysfunction in patients with acute PE. Secondarily, to assess the relationship between RV failure and clinical parameters related to PE. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Analytical, observational, cross-sectional and retrospective study comparing the values NT-proBNP, troponin T and presenting symptoms of PE among patients with and without RV dysfunction. RESULTS: One hundred seventy-two patients (52 with RV failure,120 without) were included. All symptoms occurred with similar frequency between the 2groups except dyspnea and syncope (more common in the group with RV failure). Both NT-proBNP and troponin T had significantly higher values in the group of patients with RV dysfunction. However, in the multivariate analysis, NT-proBNP had a higher explanatory value for RV failure than troponin T. CONCLUSION: NT-proBNP is a diagnostic parameter of RV dysfunction with higher sensitivity in the context of acute PE.


Assuntos
Peptídeo Natriurético Encefálico/sangue , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/sangue , Embolia Pulmonar/complicações , Troponina T/sangue , Disfunção Ventricular Direita/diagnóstico , Doença Aguda , Idoso , Biomarcadores/sangue , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Embolia Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Disfunção Ventricular Direita/sangue , Disfunção Ventricular Direita/etiologia
5.
Emergencias (St. Vicenç dels Horts) ; 27(5): 301-306, oct. 2015. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-143246

RESUMO

Objetivo: Obtener evidencias de validez del sistema de triaje Emergency Severity Index (ESI) en una experiencia con pacientes reales en el servicio de urgencias (SU) de un hospital general. Método: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal, realizado en el SU del Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca (Murcia). Participaron 32 enfermeros que realizaron 410 experiencias de triaje (utilizando el algoritmo delsistema de triaje ESI) en pacientes reales que acudieron a urgencias. Los resultados se compararon con un patrón oro representado inicialmente por la opinión de un experto en triaje y corroborado posteriormente por un comité de expertos tras una discusión de consenso en los casos en que fue requerido (opiniones no unánimes). Se calculó la sensibilidad, la especificidad, subtriaje, sobretriaje y los estadísticos descriptivos de las variables recursos, fallecimiento/fuga, destino y tiempo de estancia. Resultados: Los recursos y el destino con el nivel ESI arrojaron correlaciones altas para la primera Rho = –0,717,p < 0,01 y moderadas para la segunda Rho = –0,437, p < 0,01. En el tiempo de estancia según el nivel ESI se observó que los pacientes con niveles ESI 1 y 2 fueron los que permanecieron más tiempo, y con niveles 4 y 5 los que menos, y estas diferencias fueron estadísticamente significativas (p < 0,001). El acuerdo interobservador fue bueno o muy bueno y refuerza la fiabilidad de la herramienta. Conclusiones: Se han obtenido evidencias de validez en la aplicación piloto del sistema de triaje ESI en un hospital de Referencia (AU)


Objective: To determine whether the Emergency Severity Index (ESI) is valid for triage according to evidence based on classifying real patients in a general referral hospital’s emergency department. Methods: Observational, cross-sectional descriptive study carried out in the emergency department of Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca in Murcia. Thirty-two nurses used the ESI algorithm to triage 410 patients as they arrived seeking care. The results were compared to a gold standard (a triage expert’s opinion, which was later confirmed by an expert committee after discussion, if necessary, of cases for which opinions were not unanimous). We calculated sensitivity, specificity, under- and over-triage rates, as well as descriptive statistics about resource assignment, exitus, patients who left without being seen, destination on discharge, and times. Results: ESI was highly correlated with resources (ρ = –0.717, P < .01) and moderately correlated with destination on discharge (ρ = –0.437, P < .01). Regarding time spent in the department, we found that patients assigned ESI levels 1 and 2 had significantly longer stays, and those assigned ESI levels 4 and 5 had significantly shorter stays (p < 0,001). Interobserver agreement was good or very good, indicating that this triage tool is reliable. Conclusions: This pilot of the ESI triage algorithm in the emergency department of a referral hospital found evidence supporting the system’s validity (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Filtração por Gravidade/métodos , Serviços Médicos de Emergência/métodos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Cuidados de Enfermagem/organização & administração , Avaliação de Eficácia-Efetividade de Intervenções
6.
Arch. bronconeumol. (Ed. impr.) ; 51(8): e1-e3, ago. 2015. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-142003

RESUMO

El síndrome de Paget-Schroetter (SPS) en el contexto de trombosis venosa profunda (TVP) de miembro superior es una patología poco frecuente pero de gran importancia por afectar personas sanas y jóvenes, donde el síndrome postrombótico (SPT) secundario puede ser una complicación con importantes implicaciones. La mejor opción de tratamiento es controvertida. Las guías actuales recomiendan anticoagulación durante un mínimo de 3 meses, aunque se han visto con este manejo incidencias de SPT cercanas al 50% a los 6 meses, al 30% al año y al 25% a los 2 años, por lo que unidades especializadas abogan por la realización de trombólisis local y cirugía descompresiva precoz, con el propósito de disminuir estas cifras. Describimos una serie de 8 casos, a los que tratamos de esta última manera. Ningún paciente presentó complicaciones, y en todos se observó reintegro precoz a la actividad diaria, con ausencia de SPT en el 90% de ellos


Paget-Schroetter syndrome (PSS) in the context of upper extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is an uncommon but potentially very serious condition affecting young, healthy adults, in which secondary post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) can be a complication with major implications. The best treatment option remains controversial, with current guidelines recommending anticoagulation for at least 3 months. However, an incidence of PTS of approximately 50% after 6 months, 30% after 1 year and 25% after 2 years has been found using this therapeutic approach. Consequently, specialized units recommend local thrombolysis and early decompressive surgery. We describe a series of eight cases treated in this way. None of the patients showed signs of complications, and an early return to regular activities with no PTS was observed in 90% of cases


Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Jovem , Trombose Venosa Profunda de Membros Superiores/terapia , Síndrome do Desfiladeiro Torácico/terapia , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente/organização & administração , Diagnóstico Precoce , Estudos Prospectivos , Terapia Trombolítica
7.
Histol Histopathol ; 30(12): 1439-46, 2015 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26104139

RESUMO

Comparative histological examination of both liver and the supra-aortic arteries have not previously examined the consequences of atherosclerosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and their response to diet and atorvastatin therapy. This study evaluates the effects of diet alone or in combination with atorvastatin therapy on the progression/regression of atherosclerosis and its correlation with NAFLD. This research was performed on a cohort of chickens on standard (SD) or hyperlipidemic diets (HD), either with or without atorvastatin therapy. The development of atherosclerotic lesions was assessed by histology, immunohistochemistry and quantitative image analysis and correlated with liver histology. The lowest levels of atherosclerotic lesions were found in animals on the HD for 3 months, followed by 3 months of SD in combination with oral atorvastatin. There was a strong association between the histologic findings of atherosclerosis and those of NAFLD. These studies show that standard diet and atorvastatin therapy can positively affect both arterial and hepatic lesions, influencing the regression of the changes. These results support the hypothesis that NAFLD and atherosclerosis may be actually two aspects of a shared disease and suggest the possibility of regression of both disorders with dietary and pharmacologic manipulations.


Assuntos
Aterosclerose/patologia , Aterosclerose/terapia , Atorvastatina/uso terapêutico , Dieta , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/uso terapêutico , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/terapia , Animais , Artérias/patologia , Galinhas , Hiperlipidemias/patologia , Masculino , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/patologia
8.
Emergencias (St. Vicenç dels Horts) ; 27(3): 155-160, jun. 2015. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-139121

RESUMO

Objetivo: Diseñar y validar un modelo pedagógico articulado en torno a técnicas de simulación clínica, dirigido a formar al personal de enfermería en el sistema de triaje norteamericano Emergency Severity Index (ESI). Método: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, realizado en el servicio de urgencias del Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca (Murcia). Se ha estructurado en tres fases (conocimiento teórico, adquisición de habilidades y aplicabilidad), con una muestra de 55, 43 y 32 participantes respectivamente (enfermeros con experiencia mínima de 1 año en urgencias) a los que, tras una formación en triaje ESI, participaron en sesiones de simulación de triaje con pacientes-actores y, en la última fase, con pacientes reales en un escenario real. Para analizar el grado de concordancia entre el nivel adjudicado por los enfermeros y el patrón oro se utilizó el índice kappa de Cohen (K) y coeficiente de correlación intraclase (CCI). Resultados: En las tres fases se obtuvieron 1.100, 799 y 410 observaciones con un grado de acuerdo, según el índice K de Cohen, de 0,68, 0,67 y 0,68, y un CCI, de 0,870, 0,836 y 0,811, respectivamente. Los resultados obtenidos expresan un grado de acuerdo y concordancia bueno. Conclusiones: Este trabajo establece la pertinencia de la simulación clínica como herramienta docente en los programas de formación en técnicas de triaje estructurado y, en especial, en el sistema de triaje ESI. A partir de los resultados de fiabilidad obtenidos (concordancia interobservador), podemos afirmar que se abre una nueva vía de investigación para demostrar si esta nueva técnica es capaz de mejorar la fiabilidad en la toma de decisiones de triaje (AU)


Objective: To design and validate a clinical simulation method for training nurses to use the Emergency Severity Index (ESI) for triage. Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out in the emergency department of Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca in Murcia, Spain. The educational intervention had 3 phases focused on theory, skills, and application. The participants, who were nurses with at least a year’s experience in the emergency department, numbered 55, 43, and 32 in each phase, respectively. They undertook training in ESI for triage (phase 1), participated in simulations with patient-actors (phase 2), and applied their acquired skills (phase 3). We used Cohen’s K and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to compare the nurses’ triage assignments to gold-standard triage assignments. Results: We had data for 1100, 799, and 410 observations of performance in each phase, respectively. Agreement statistics between the nurses’ performance and the gold standard were 0.68, 0.67, and 0.68 (Cohen’s K) and 0.870, 0.836, and 0.811 (ICC) in each phase, respectively. These results reflect good agreement. Conclusions: This study supports the relevance of clinical simulations for training nurses to implement structured triage, and in particular to use the ESI. We can state that this study opens the door to further research into whether the reliability of triage can be improved by using this approach, specifically whether it can facilitate better interobserver agreement (AU)


Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Educação em Enfermagem/métodos , Educação em Enfermagem/organização & administração , Educação em Enfermagem/tendências , Triagem/organização & administração , Triagem/normas , Emergências/enfermagem , Estudos de Validação como Assunto , Socorristas/educação , Ensino/métodos , Ensino/organização & administração , Estudos Transversais/métodos , Estudos Transversais/tendências , Cuidados de Enfermagem/métodos , Cuidados de Enfermagem/tendências
9.
Emergencias ; 27(3): 155-160, 2015 Jun.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29077307

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To design and validate a clinical simulation method for training nurses to use the Emergency Severity Index (ESI) for triage. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out in the emergency department of Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca in Murcia, Spain. The educational intervention had 3 phases focused on theory, skills, and application. The participants, who were nurses with at least a year's experience in the emergency department, numbered 55, 43, and 32 in each phase, respectively. They undertook training in ESI for triage (phase 1), participated in simulations with patient-actors (phase 2), and applied their acquired skills (phase 3). We used Cohen's K and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to compare the nurses' triage assignments to gold-standard triage assignments. RESULTS: We had data for 1100, 799, and 410 observations of performance in each phase, respectively. Agreement statistics between the nurses' performance and the gold standard were 0.68, 0.67, and 0.68 (Cohen's K) and 0.870, 0.836, and 0.811 (ICC) in each phase, respectively. These results reflect good agreement. CONCLUSION: This study supports the relevance of clinical simulations for training nurses to implement structured triage, and in particular to use the ESI. We can state that this study opens the door to further research into whether the reliability of triage can be improved by using this approach, specifically whether it can facilitate better interobserver agreement.


OBJETIVO: Diseñar y validar un modelo pedagógico articulado en torno a técnicas de simulación clínica, dirigido a formar al personal de enfermería en el sistema de triaje norteamericano Emergency Severity Index (ESI). METODO: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, realizado en el servicio de urgencias del Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca (Murcia). Se ha estructurado en tres fases (conocimiento teórico, adquisición de habilidades y aplicabilidad), con una muestra de 55, 43 y 32 participantes respectivamente (enfermeros con experiencia mínima de 1 año en urgencias) a los que, tras una formación en triaje ESI, participaron en sesiones de simulación de triaje con pacientes-actores y, en la última fase, con pacientes reales en un escenario real. Para analizar el grado de concordancia entre el nivel adjudicado por los enfermeros y el patrón oro se utilizó el índice kappa de Cohen (K) y coeficiente de correlación intraclase (CCI). RESULTADOS: En las tres fases se obtuvieron 1.100, 799 y 410 observaciones con un grado de acuerdo, según el índice K de Cohen, de 0,68, 0,67 y 0,68, y un CCI, de 0,870, 0,836 y 0,811, respectivamente. Los resultados obtenidos expresan un grado de acuerdo y concordancia bueno. CONCLUSIONES: Este trabajo establece la pertinencia de la simulación clínica como herramienta docente en los programas de formación en técnicas de triaje estructurado y, en especial, en el sistema de triaje ESI. A partir de los resultados de fiabilidad obtenidos (concordancia interobservador), podemos afirmar que se abre una nueva vía de investigación para demostrar si esta nueva técnica es capaz de mejorar la fiabilidad en la toma de decisiones de triaje.

10.
Emergencias ; 27(5): 301-306, 2015 Oct.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29087054

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the Emergency Severity Index (ESI) is valid for triage according to evidence based on classifying real patients in a general referral hospital's emergency department. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Observational, cross-sectional descriptive study carried out in the emergency department of Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca in Murcia. Thirty-two nurses used the ESI algorithm to triage 410 patients as they arrived seeking care. The results were compared to a gold standard (a triage expert's opinion, which was later confirmed by an expert committee after discussion, if necessary, of cases for which opinions were not unanimous). We calculated sensitivity, specificity, under- and over-triage rates, as well as descriptive statistics about resource assignment, exitus, patients who left without being seen, destination on discharge, and times. RESULTS: ESI was highly correlated with resources (ρ = -0.717, P < .01) and moderately correlated with destination on discharge (ρ = -0.437, P < .01). Regarding time spent in the department, we found that patients assigned ESI levels 1 and 2 had significantly longer stays, and those assigned ESI levels 4 and 5 had significantly shorter stays (p < 0,001). Interobserver agreement was good or very good, indicating that this triage tool is reliable. CONCLUSION: This pilot of the ESI triage algorithm in the emergency department of a referral hospital found evidence supporting the system's validity.


OBJETIVO: Obtener evidencias de validez del sistema de triaje Emergency Severity Index (ESI) en una experiencia con pacientes reales en el servicio de urgencias (SU) de un hospital general. METODO: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal, realizado en el SU del Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca (Murcia). Participaron 32 enfermeros que realizaron 410 experiencias de triaje (utilizando el algoritmo del sistema de triaje ESI) en pacientes reales que acudieron a urgencias. Los resultados se compararon con un patrón oro representado inicialmente por la opinión de un experto en triaje y corroborado posteriormente por un comité de expertos tras una discusión de consenso en los casos en que fue requerido (opiniones no unánimes). Se calculó la sensibilidad, la especificidad, subtriaje, sobretriaje y los estadísticos descriptivos de las variables recursos, fallecimiento/fuga, destino y tiempo de estancia. RESULTADOS: Los recursos y el destino con el nivel ESI arrojaron correlaciones altas para la primera Rho = ­0,717, p < 0,01 y moderadas para la segunda Rho = ­0,437, p < 0,01. En el tiempo de estancia según el nivel ESI se observó que los pacientes con niveles ESI 1 y 2 fueron los que permanecieron más tiempo, y con niveles 4 y 5 los que menos, y estas diferencias fueron estadísticamente significativas (p < 0,001). El acuerdo interobservador fue bueno o muy bueno y refuerza la fiabilidad de la herramienta. CONCLUSIONES: Se han obtenido evidencias de validez en la aplicación piloto del sistema de triaje ESI en un hospital de referencia.

11.
Arch Bronconeumol ; 51(8): e41-3, 2015 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25446871

RESUMO

Paget-Schroetter syndrome (PSS) in the context of upper extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is an uncommon but potentially very serious condition affecting young, healthy adults, in which secondary post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) can be a complication with major implications. The best treatment option remains controversial, with current guidelines recommending anticoagulation for at least 3 months. However, an incidence of PTS of approximately 50% after 6 months, 30% after 1 year and 25% after 2 years has been found using this therapeutic approach. Consequently, specialized units recommend local thrombolysis and early decompressive surgery. We describe a series of eight cases treated in this way. None of the patients showed signs of complications, and an early return to regular activities with no PTS was observed in 90% of cases.


Assuntos
Anticoagulantes/uso terapêutico , Descompressão Cirúrgica , Gerenciamento Clínico , Heparina de Baixo Peso Molecular/uso terapêutico , Síndrome Pós-Trombótica/prevenção & controle , Terapia Trombolítica , Trombose Venosa Profunda de Membros Superiores/terapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Anticoagulantes/administração & dosagem , Terapia Combinada , Transtornos Traumáticos Cumulativos/tratamento farmacológico , Transtornos Traumáticos Cumulativos/etiologia , Transtornos Traumáticos Cumulativos/cirurgia , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Procedimentos Endovasculares , Feminino , Heparina de Baixo Peso Molecular/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Comunicação Interdisciplinar , Masculino , Músculos do Pescoço/cirurgia , Doenças Profissionais/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Profissionais/etiologia , Doenças Profissionais/cirurgia , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente , Estudos Prospectivos , Recidiva , Costelas/cirurgia , Trombose Venosa Profunda de Membros Superiores/tratamento farmacológico , Trombose Venosa Profunda de Membros Superiores/etiologia , Trombose Venosa Profunda de Membros Superiores/cirurgia , Levantamento de Peso , Adulto Jovem
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